Which element contributes to a narrower angle of view but higher magnification in photography?

The element that contributes to a narrower angle of view but higher magnification in photography is longer focal length.

When a lens has a longer focal length, it means it brings subjects closer to the camera, effectively increasing the magnification. This is especially important for photographers who wish to capture distant subjects, such as wildlife or sports, as it allows for detailed images without the need to be physically close to the subject. Additionally, a longer focal length results in a narrower angle of view, meaning that less of the scene is captured in the frame. This characteristic can help isolate subjects from their surroundings, contributing to a more focused composition.

The other options do not directly have the same impact on angle of view and magnification. Shorter focal lengths typically provide a wider angle of view, making them ideal for landscapes and architecture but resulting in lower magnification. A larger aperture affects depth of field rather than magnification, allowing more light in but not influencing the angle of view in a way that increases magnification. Decreased bit-rate relates to the quality of digital files rather than the physical properties of lenses and their focal lengths.